Wisdom teeth (third molars) typically emerge between ages 17 and 25. For many people, there is insufficient space in the jaw to accommodate them, leading to impaction — where the tooth remains partially or fully trapped beneath the gum or bone.
When Extraction Is Recommended
Extraction is generally recommended when wisdom teeth cause recurring infection of the surrounding gum tissue (pericoronitis), damage to adjacent teeth, cyst formation, persistent pain, or contribute to crowding. Fully erupted and properly positioned wisdom teeth that are easy to clean may not require removal.
The Procedure
Simple extractions are performed under local anesthesia when the tooth is fully erupted. Surgical extractions are needed for impacted teeth and involve making an incision in the gum and sometimes removing a small amount of bone. The procedure typically takes 20 to 45 minutes per tooth. Many patients opt for sedation for comfort during the procedure.
Recovery
Swelling peaks at 48 to 72 hours and gradually resolves over 5 to 7 days. Apply ice packs intermittently for the first 24 hours. Eat soft foods for 3 to 5 days. Avoid using straws, spitting forcefully, or smoking for at least 72 hours to prevent dry socket — a painful condition where the blood clot dislodges from the extraction site. Most patients return to normal activities within 3 to 5 days.